4-MUP; Disodium 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate;

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium salt

2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-methyl-7-(phosphonooxy)-, disodium salt

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium salt trihydrate is a fluorescent probe that can be used to detect the presence of p-nitrophenyl phosphate in biological systems. The fluorescence intensity increases as the concentration of p-nitrophenyl phosphate in the sample increases. This compound is useful for measuring enzyme activities, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and human serum albumin, that are catalyzed by p-nitrophenyl phosphate. 4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium salt trihydrate has been shown to be an effective tool for monitoring the activity of squamous carcinoma cells in culture and has been used to study the kinetics of enzyme reactions.

Definition and Background:

2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4-methyl-7-(phosphonooxy)-, disodium salt or Disodium Etidronate is a synthetic organic compound that belongs to the family of bisphosphonates. It is a white crystalline powder that is widely used in the treatment of bone-related disorders. Disodium Etidronate was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1978.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Disodium Etidronate has a molecular formula of C6H6Na2O7P2 and a molecular weight of 260.05 g/mol. It is a water-soluble compound with a melting point of 150-155 °C. The chemical structure of Disodium Etidronate consists of two phosphonic acid groups attached to the carbon and oxygen atoms of a benzene ring.

Synthesis and Characterization:

Disodium Etidronate can be synthesized through various chemical reactions. One of the most common methods is the reaction of phosphorous acid with chloroacetic acid to form chloromethylphosphonic acid. This reaction is followed by the reaction of the acid with sodium hydroxide to form Disodium Etidronate. The compound is then purified and characterized through various analytical techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and Mass Spectrometry (MS).

Analytical Methods:

Analytical methods such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) are commonly used to detect and quantify Disodium Etidronate in various matrices such as biological fluids, food, and environmental samples.

Biological Properties:

Disodium Etidronate has been shown to have potent bone-resorbing activity and is used in the treatment of bone-related disorders such as osteoporosis and Paget’s disease. It works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Disodium Etidronate has also been shown to have anticancer properties and is being studied as a potential drug for the treatment of various types of cancer.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments:

Studies have shown that Disodium Etidronate is generally well-tolerated and safe for use in humans. However, like all drugs, it can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and dizziness. In scientific experiments, it is important to use the correct dosage and follow safety protocols to avoid any potential risks.

Applications in Scientific Experiments:

Disodium Etidronate is widely used in scientific experiments to study bone metabolism, osteoporosis, and Paget’s disease. It is also used as a marker for bone turnover and as a standard for calibration in various assays.

Current State of Research:

Research on Disodium Etidronate is ongoing, with many studies focusing on its potential use as a drug for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. New analytical techniques are also being developed to detect Disodium Etidronate in various matrices.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry:

Disodium Etidronate has potential implications in various fields of research and industry such as drug development, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. It can be used as a template for the synthesis of new bisphosphonate drugs, as a growth-promoting agent in agriculture, and as a marker for environmental contamination with phosphonates.

Limitations:

Disodium Etidronate has limitations in terms of its bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and potential side effects. Its use should be carefully monitored, and proper dosage and safety protocols should be followed.

Future Directions:

1. Development of new synthetic methods to improve the efficacy and safety of Disodium Etidronate.

2. Investigation of the mechanisms of Disodium Etidronate’s anticancer properties and identification of potential targets for drug development.

3. Exploration of the use of Disodium Etidronate as a potential growth-promoting agent in agriculture.

4. Development of new analytical techniques for the detection and quantification of Disodium Etidronate in various matrices.

5. Investigation of the potential environmental impact of Disodium Etidronate and development of methods for its removal from water systems.

6. Formulation of Disodium Etidronate in new drug delivery systems to improve its bioavailability and targeting.

7. Study of the effects of Disodium Etidronate on bone remodeling in different disease states.

8. Investigation of the use of Disodium Etidronate for the prevention and treatment of bone metastasis in cancer patients.

9. Development of Disodium Etidronate analogs with improved properties such as increased specificity, better bioavailability, and reduced toxicity.

10. Exploration of Disodium Etidronate’s potential use in combination with other drugs for the treatment of bone-related disorders and cancer.