Hexyl b-D-glucopyranoside

己基 β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷

Hexyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a 5-HT agonist that has been shown to activate the hydrolysis of phospholipids in the cell membrane. Hexyl β-D-glucopyranoside also increases the activity of ATPase, which is an enzyme that transports adenosine triphosphate (ATP) across membranes. This compound has been shown to inhibit the growth of lymphocytes and stimulate the growth of epidermal cells. It also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been shown to reduce inflammation in animal studies. Hexyl β-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to have transport properties and can be found in fatty acids and cholesterol esters. It is used as a reagent for acid analysis, cell signaling pathways, and human liver function tests. 

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a non-ionic surfactant widely used in various biochemical applications. It is a glycoside consisting of a glucose molecule and a hexyl chain, which is attached to the beta-position of the glucose molecule. It is a hydrophobic molecule that can form micelles in aqueous solutions. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, covering its physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a characteristic odor. The molecular formula of Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is C12H24O6, with a molecular weight of 264.32 g/mol. Its melting point is approximately 132°C, and it is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile. Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.0 mM, which indicates that it can form micelles in aqueous solutions above this concentration.

Synthesis and Characterization:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is typically synthesized by reacting hexanol with glucose under alkaline conditions. The synthesis involves the use of protective groups to protect the glucose molecule, followed by glycosylation with hexanol. After the reaction, the protective groups are removed to obtain Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside can be characterized by various techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Analytical Methods:

The analytical methods used to determine the concentration of Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside in aqueous solutions include HPLC and UV spectrophotometry. The HPLC technique involves the separation of Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside from other components in the sample, followed by quantification through a UV detector. UV spectrophotometry, on the other hand, involves the measurement of the absorbance of Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside at a wavelength of 275 nm.

Biological Properties:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to have a surfactant effect on cell membranes, altering the fluidity of lipid bilayers. It has also been observed to improve the solubility and stability of membrane proteins. Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is commonly used to solubilize membrane proteins for structural and functional studies, as it can maintain the native structure and activity of the proteins.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is generally considered safe in scientific experiments, with no observed cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. However, it should be used with caution as it can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is also important to follow the recommended handling and disposal procedures for the substance.

Applications in Scientific Experiments:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has a wide range of applications in scientific experiments. It is commonly used as a surfactant in biochemical applications, such as the solubilization of membrane proteins for structural and functional studies. It is also used in chromatography, electrophoresis, and in the preparation of liposomes and nanoparticles.

Current State of Research:

The current research on Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside focuses on its applications in various fields, such as drug delivery, gene therapy, and biomolecular imaging. Several studies have investigated the use of Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside in drug delivery systems, as it can improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Other studies have explored its potential use in gene therapy, as it can enhance the delivery of genetic material to target cells. Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has also been utilized in biomolecular imaging, where it has been shown to improve contrast and reduce toxicity compared to other imaging agents.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has the potential to have significant implications in various fields of research and industry. In drug delivery, it can improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. In gene therapy, it can enhance the delivery of genetic material to target cells, leading to improved gene expression and therapeutic outcomes. In biomolecular imaging, it can improve the contrast and reduce toxicity of imaging agents, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.

Limitations and Future Directions:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside has limitations, such as its low stability at high temperatures, low compatibility with certain buffer systems, and potential toxicity at increased concentrations. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations and exploring new applications in emerging fields such as nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Other future directions include the development of more efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods, as well as the characterization of new surfactants with improved properties.

Conclusion:

Hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a versatile non-ionic surfactant with a wide range of applications in various fields of research and industry. It is a hydrophobic molecule that can form micelles in aqueous solutions, making it suitable for solubilizing membrane proteins and improving drug solubility and bioavailability. While it has potential limitations, its benefits and numerous applications make it a valuable tool in biochemistry and biotechnology research.

COA:

Product name: n-Hexyl β-D-glucopyranoside                                  CAS: 59080-45-4

M.F.: C₁₂H₂₄O₆         M.W.: 264.32        Batch No: 20120310         Quantity:25g

References:

1. Brown GM, Dubreuil P, Ichhaporia FM, Desnoyers JE, Can. J. Chem. 1970, 48, p2525