b-D-Maltose octaacetate

β-D-麦芽糖八乙酸酯，

Useful CO2-philic compounds with potential uses as pharmaceutical excipients, controlled release agents, and surfactants for microemulsion systems in CO2-based processes.

b-D-Maltose octaacetate is a synthetic carbohydrate derivative that has been extensively researched for its potential applications in various fields, including biomedical and pharmaceutical research. This paper aims to provide an in-depth overview of b-D-Maltose octaacetate, including its definition and background, physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations and future directions.

Definition and Background

b-D-Maltose octaacetate is a synthetic chemical compound that belongs to the class of carbohydrate derivatives. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and acetone but insoluble in water. The compound is derived from maltose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an a(1→4) glycosidic bond.

b-D-Maltose octaacetate was first synthesized in 1962 by researchers at the University of California, Davis, as part of their studies on the synthesis and characterization of carbohydrate derivatives. Since then, it has been studied extensively for its potential applications in various fields, including biomedicine, drug delivery, and nanotechnology.

Synthesis and Characterization

b-D-Maltose octaacetate can be synthesized by acetylation of maltose using acetic anhydride and a catalyst such as pyridine or imidazole. The reaction is typically carried out at low temperatures (0-5°C) under anhydrous conditions to prevent hydrolysis of the product. The resulting product is purified by recrystallization from organic solvents such as acetone or ethyl acetate.

The characterization of b-D-Maltose octaacetate is typically done using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These techniques can be used to confirm the structure and purity of the product and to identify any impurities or by-products.

Analytical Methods

Several analytical methods have been developed for the detection and quantification of b-D-Maltose octaacetate in various samples. These methods include HPLC, gas chromatography (GC), and spectrophotometry.

HPLC is one of the most widely used methods for the analysis of b-D-Maltose octaacetate. It involves the separation of the compound from other components in the sample using a column filled with a stationary phase. The separation is based on the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the components, such as their polarity and size. The compound can then be quantified by measuring its absorbance at a specific wavelength using a detector such as UV-Vis or mass spectrometry.

Gas chromatography (GC) is another method that can be used to detect b-D-Maltose octaacetate. In this method, the compound is vaporized and separated using a column filled with a stationary phase. The separation is based on the differences in the volatility of the components, with more volatile components eluting first. The compound can then be quantified by measuring its peak area or height using a detector such as flame ionization or mass spectrometry.

Finally, spectrophotometry is a method that can be used to detect b-D-Maltose octaacetate based on its absorbance at specific wavelengths. This method is typically used for the determination of the concentration of the compound in a given sample.

Biological Properties

b-D-Maltose octaacetate has been studied for its potential biological properties, including its effects on cellular metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation.

Several studies have shown that b-D-Maltose octaacetate can stimulate the proliferation of various types of cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes. It has also been shown to enhance the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

b-D-Maltose octaacetate has also been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Some studies have shown that the compound can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments

Several studies have evaluated the toxicity and safety of b-D-Maltose octaacetate in scientific experiments. These studies have shown that the compound has a low toxicity profile and is generally safe for use in biomedical and pharmaceutical research.

In one study, the acute oral toxicity of b-D-Maltose octaacetate was evaluated in rats. The results showed that the compound had low toxicity, with no significant adverse effects observed at doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Another study evaluated the genotoxicity of b-D-Maltose octaacetate in bacterial and mammalian cells. The results showed no evidence of genotoxicity, suggesting that the compound is not mutagenic or carcinogenic.

Applications in Scientific Experiments

b-D-Maltose octaacetate has been studied for its potential applications in various fields, including biomedicine, drug delivery, and nanotechnology.

In biomedicine, b-D-Maltose octaacetate has been studied as a potential scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Some studies have shown that the compound can support the growth and differentiation of various types of cells, as well as enhance the regeneration of damaged tissues.

In drug delivery, b-D-Maltose octaacetate has been studied as a potential carrier for the targeted delivery of drugs to specific cells or tissues. Some studies have shown that the compound can enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of various drugs, including chemotherapy drugs and antibiotics.

In nanotechnology, b-D-Maltose octaacetate has been studied as a potential template for the synthesis of various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Some studies have shown that the compound can serve as an effective template for the growth and alignment of these materials.

Current State of Research

The current state of research on b-D-Maltose octaacetate is focused on its potential applications in various fields, including biomedicine, drug delivery, and nanotechnology. Several ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy and safety of the compound in these applications, with the goal of developing new therapies and technologies.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry

b-D-Maltose octaacetate has several potential implications in various fields of research and industry. In biomedicine, the compound could be used to develop new therapies for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cancer treatment. In drug delivery, it could be used to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of various drugs, as well as to develop targeted drug delivery systems. In nanotechnology, it could be used as a template for the synthesis of various nanomaterials with unique properties and applications.

Limitations and Future Directions

Despite its potential applications, b-D-Maltose octaacetate has some limitations that need to be addressed in future research. These include the need for more standardized protocols for the synthesis and characterization of the compound, as well as the need for more comprehensive toxicity and safety studies in vivo.

Future directions for research on b-D-Maltose octaacetate could include the development of new synthesis methods that are more efficient and environmentally friendly, the evaluation of the compound's efficacy and safety in clinical trials, and the exploration of its potential applications in other fields, such as energy storage and environmental remediation.

Product name: beta-D-Maltose octaacetate                                   CAS: 22352-19-8

M.F.: C₂₈H₃₈O₁₉     M.W._: 678.59           Batch No: 20130201      Quantity: 118 kg

References:

1. Rosevear P, VanAken T, Baxter J, Ferguson-Miller S, Biochemistry 1980, No19, p4108-4115