L(+)-Ascorbic acid , L-抗坏血酸

L-Ascorbic acid

Ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant that is required for the synthesis of collagen and other proteins. It also has many roles in the prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid has been shown to be an effective treatment for infectious diseases, such as sepsis and tuberculosis. The effects of ascorbic acid on blood pressure are dose-dependent, with low doses being ineffective, but high doses causing an increase in blood pressure. Ascorbic acid can be used as a model system for studying how vitamin D affects bone health because it requires vitamin D to function properly.

Antioxidant. Protects against ROS and DNA strand breaks. Shows a range of biological activities. Orally active. Active in vivo and in vitro.

L-Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring electron donor and therefore serves as a reducing agent. It is synthesized from glucose in the liver of most mammalian species, excluding humans, non-human primates, or guinea pigs who must obtain it through dietary consumption. In humans, L-Ascorbic acid acts as an electron donor for eight different enzymes, including those related to collagen hydroxylation, carnitine synthesis (which aids in the generation of adenosine triphosphate), norepinephrine synthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and amidating peptides. L-Ascorbic acid demonstrates antioxidant activity that may be of some benefit for reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cataracts.

Physiological antioxidant. Coenzyme for a number of hydroxylation reactions; required for collagen synthesis. Widely distributed in plants and animals. Inadequate intake results in deficiency syndromes such as scurvy. Used as antimicrobial and antioxidant in foodstuffs.

L-Ascorbic acid, an organic acid, is found abundantly in citrus fruits. It is generally used as an antioxidant and pH adjuster in the cosmetic industry. L-AA is also used as a preservative and nutrient supplement in foods.

This product is provided as delivered and specified by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. All information provided in support of this product, including SDS and any product information leaflets have been developed and issued under the Authority of the issuing Pharmacopoeia. For further information and support please go to the website of the issuing Pharmacopoeia.

L-Ascorbic acid is the most biologically active form of ascorbic acid. It is hydrophilic and an unstable compound. L-Ascorbic acid contains a six-carbon lactone produced by plants and some animal species but not by humans and other primates. Ascorbic acid, also referred to as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin. Ascorbic acid carries a neutral charge, which gets converted to ascorbate by protonation. Vitamin C is a part of citrus fruits, such as broccoli, strawberries, turnip.

L-Ascorbic acid plays the role of an antioxidant in plants in regulating the reactive oxygen species mechanism to form reduced peroxides. It is present abundantly as a non-enzymatic antioxidant in higher plants. It can be synthesized in a variety of plants and in all known mammals, except primates and guinea pigs. It can commonly be used in the prevention of scurvy disease.

Vitamin C is called as ascorbate in the protonated form and as ascorbic acid in neutral state. Vitamin C is synthesized in plants, animals and birds. However, it is not synthesized in mammals and exists as ascorbate.

L-Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin. It is naturally present in a variety of foods such as citrus fruits and vegetables. It is present only in minimal amount in milk.

L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for growth and repair of tissue. Quantification of vitamin C levels is performed to evaluate vitamin C deficiency.

L-Ascorbic acid or vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in various foodstuffs. Benefits of vitamin C may include protection against immune system deficiencies, cardiovascular disease, hyperpigmentation, skin protection, anti-aging, iron absorption, and red blood cell production. It is also useful in the biosynthesis of collagen, L-carnitine, and neurotransmitters.

L-ascorbic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring C vitamer. It is soluble in water. It is present in fruits and vegetables.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant and is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. It has proven to have a beneficial effect on age-related diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, ocular, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. It is mainly involved in the formation and maintenance of collagen. The prolonged deficiency of ascorbic acid in diet may result in scurvy.

Ascorbic Acid, also known as Vitamin C, is a six-carbon lactone produced by plants and some animal species but not by humans and other primates. It is a water-soluble vitamin.

Ascorbic acid is the recommended reagent for reduction of the Copper(II)-TBTA complex into the active Copper(I) form.

Title: Ascorbic Acid

CAS Registry Number: 50-81-7

CAS Name: L-Ascorbic acid

Additional Names: vitamin C; 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone; L-threo-hex-2-enonic acid g-lactone; L-3-keto-threo-hexuronic acid lactone; L-xylo-ascorbic acid; antiscorbutic vitamin; cevitamic acid

Trademarks: Ascorbicap (Valeant); Ascorbin (Montavit); Ascorvit (Jenapharm); Cantan (Aventis); Cebion (Merck KGaA); Cecon (Abbott); Celaskon (Leciva); Celin (GSK); Cetebe (GSK); Cevalin (Lilly); Ce-Vi-Sol (BMS); Cevitan (Aventis); Cewin (Sanofi-Synthelabo); C-Vimin (AstraZeneca); Hicee (Takeda); Hybrin (Pfizer); Laroscorbine (Roche); Redoxon (Roche); Ribena (GSK); Vitacimin (Takeda); Vitacin (Towa Yakuhin); Vitascorbol (Aventis)

Molecular Formula: C6H8O6

Molecular Weight: 176.12

Percent Composition: C 40.92%, H 4.58%, O 54.51%

Literature References: Physiological antioxidant. Coenzyme for a number of hydroxylation reactions; required for collagen synthesis. Widely distributed in plants and animals. Most primates (including humans), guinea pigs, and some birds and fish cannot synthesize ascorbic acid. Inadequate intake results in deficiency syndromes such as scurvy. Dietary sources include citrus fruits, potatoes, peppers, broccoli, cabbage, and rose hips. First isolated from the adrenal cortex of ox and later from lemons and paprika (originally called hexuronic acid): A. Szent-Györgyi, Biochem. J. 22, 1387 (1928); W. N. Haworth, A. Szent-Györgyi, Nature 131, 24 (1933). Structure studies: R. W. Herbert et al., J. Chem. Soc. 1933, 1270. Synthesis: R. G. Ault et al., ibid. 1419; T. Reichstein et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 16, 561, 1019 (1933); 17, 311, 510 (1934). Review of discovery, structure and synthesis: E. L. Hirst, Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 2, 132-159 (1939). Crystal structure: J. Hvoself, Acta Chem. Scand. 18, 841 (1964). Review of syntheses: T. C. Crawford, S. A. Crawford, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. 37, 79-155 (1980). HPLC determn in plasma: J. Lykkesfeldt et al., Anal. Biochem. 229, 329 (1995). Discussion of use in the treatment of the common cold: L. Pauling, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 2678 (1971); H. Hemilä, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 26, 1 (1994). Clinical applications in immunology, lipid metabolism and cancer: Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1982, Suppl. 23, 294 pp. Comprehensive description: I. A. Al-Meshal, M. M. A. Hassan, Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 11, 45-78 (1982). Reviews: G. M. Jaffe in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 24 (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3rd Ed., 1984) pp 8-40; "Vitamin C" in Vitamins, W. Friedrich, Ed. (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1988) pp 929-1001. Review of pharmacology and clinical applications: M. Levine, N. Engl. J. Med. 314, 892-902 (1986); H. E. Sauberlich, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 14, 371-391 (1994).

Properties: Crystals (usually plates, sometimes needles, monoclinic system). Pleasant, sharp acidic taste. mp 190-192° (some dec). d 1.65. [a]D25 +20.5 to +21.5° (c = 1 in water); [a]D23 +48° (c = 1 in methanol). pH = 3 (5 mg/ml); pH = 2 (50 mg/ml); pK1 = 4.17; pK2 = 11.57. uv max at pH 2: 245 nm (E1%1cm 695); at pH 6.4: 265 nm (E1%1cm 940). Redox potential (first stage): E10 +0.166 V (pH 4). One gram dissolves in about 3 ml water, 30 ml alc, 50 ml abs alc, 100 ml glycerol, 20 ml propylene glycol. Soly in water: 80.0% at 100°; 40.0% at 45°. Insol in ether, chloroform, benzene, petr ether, oils, fats, fat solvents. Strong reducing agent. Stable to air when dry; aq solns are rapidly oxidized by air.

Melting point: mp 190-192° (some dec)

pKa: pK1 = 4.17; pK2 = 11.57

Optical Rotation: [a]D25 +20.5 to +21.5° (c = 1 in water); [a]D23 +48° (c = 1 in methanol)

Absorption maximum: uv max at pH 2: 245 nm (E1%1cm 695); at pH 6.4: 265 nm (E1%1cm 940)

Density: d 1.65

Derivative Type: Calcium hypophosphite

Additional Names: Asphocalcium

Trademarks: Calscorbat (Aerocid)

Molecular Formula: C6H9CaO8P

Molecular Weight: 280.18

Percent Composition: C 25.72%, H 3.24%, Ca 14.30%, O 45.68%, P 11.05%

Derivative Type: Calcium salt

CAS Registry Number: 5743-27-1

Additional Names: Calcium ascorbate

Molecular Formula: C12H14CaO12

Molecular Weight: 390.31

Percent Composition: C 36.93%, H 3.62%, Ca 10.27%, O 49.19%

Literature References: Prepn: Ruskin, Merrill, Science 105, 504 (1947).

Properties: Dihydrate, triclinic crystals, [a]D20 +95.6° (c = 2.4). Freely sol in water. Practically insol in methanol, ethanol.

Optical Rotation: [a]D20 +95.6° (c = 2.4)

Derivative Type: Sodium salt

CAS Registry Number: 134-03-2

Additional Names: Sodium ascorbate

Trademarks: Cenolate (Abbott); Xitix (Woelm)

Molecular Formula: C6H7NaO6

Molecular Weight: 198.11

Percent Composition: C 36.38%, H 3.56%, Na 11.60%, O 48.46%

Literature References: Prepn: Holland, US 2442005 (1948).

Properties: Minute crystals, dec 218°. [a]D20 +104.4°. Soly in water: 62 g/100 ml at 25°; 78 g/100 ml at 75°.

Optical Rotation: [a]D20 +104.4°

Use: As antimicrobial and antioxidant in foodstuffs.

Therap-Cat: Vitamin (antiscorbutic).

Therap-Cat-Vet: Vitamin (antiscorbutic).

Keywords: Vitamin/Vitamin Source; Vitamin C.