6-Cyclohexylhexyl-4-O-(a-D-glucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside

6-环己基己基-b-D-麦芽糖苷,

6-Cyclohexylhexyl b-D-maltoside (6CHBM) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the acetylcholine receptor. It binds to the hydroxyl group on the acetylcholine receptor and blocks nicotinic acetylcholine binding, preventing activation of the receptor. 6CHBM is a hydrophobic molecule with a hydroxyl group that can interact with other hydrophobic molecules in the membrane bilayer, such as fatty acids. 6CHBM has been shown to be an allosteric inhibitor of acetylcholine receptors by binding to a site outside of the active site and altering conformational changes required for channel opening. 6CHBM has also been shown to inhibit cation channels. 6CHBM was developed from mouse antibodies and has shown no adverse effects in mice or rabbits.

Cyclohexyl-hexyl-beta-D-maltoside, also known as CHM, is a surfactant that is commonly used in scientific research to solubilize membrane proteins. Its unique properties make it an ideal detergent for studying the structural and functional properties of these proteins. In this paper, we will discuss the definition and background of CHM, its physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions.

Definition and Background

Cyclohexyl-hexyl-beta-D-maltoside is a non-ionic detergent that belongs to the family of maltosides. It is a synthetic derivative of maltose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules. CHM is used to solubilize membrane proteins, and it has become popular due to its relatively low critical micelle concentration (CMC) and its ability to maintain the native structure of membrane proteins.

Physical and Chemical Properties

CHM is a white to off-white powder, with a molecular weight of 508.6 g/mol. It has a melting point of 95-100°C, and a solubility of approximately 50mg/mL in water. CHM is stable in acidic and basic conditions and is resistant to thermal denaturation.

Synthesis and Characterization

The synthesis of CHM involves the reaction of maltose with hexanol and cyclohexanol under acidic conditions. The resulting product is purified using column chromatography, resulting in a high-purity detergent. CHM is characterized using various analytical techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Analytical Methods

CHM is commonly used in the purification and analysis of membrane proteins. Several analytical methods, such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and circular dichroism (CD), are used to evaluate its effect on protein structure and stability. Additionally, fluorescence spectroscopy is used to determine the binding affinity of CHM to lipids and proteins.

Biological Properties

CHM has been shown to preserve the structural integrity of membrane proteins, and it is commonly used in the solubilization and purification of these proteins. The detergent has a low micelle size, which allows it to effectively solubilize membrane proteins without disrupting their structure or function. CHM is also used in the crystallization of membrane proteins, which improves their structural characterization.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments

CHM is considered to be a safe detergent for use in scientific experiments. It has been found to be non-toxic to several cell lines, including HEK293T and CHO-K1 cells. However, caution should be exercised when handling CHM, and appropriate safety measures should be taken according to the laboratory's safety regulations.

Applications in Scientific Experiments

CHM is widely used in the biochemical and biophysical characterization of membrane proteins. It is used in the purification, isolation, and crystallization of these proteins, as well as in the evaluation of their structural and functional properties. CHM has been used in several biological systems, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, making it a versatile detergent for biochemical research.

Current State of Research

CHM continues to be a popular detergent for the study of membrane proteins, and research in this area is ongoing. Recent studies have focused on the use of CHM in the structural and functional analysis of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are important drug targets. CHM has also been used in the structural characterization of various membrane transporters and enzymes.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry

The use of CHM has implications in several fields of research, including biochemistry, biophysics, and pharmacology. Its unique properties make it an ideal detergent for the study of membrane proteins, which are important drug targets. CHM can also be used in the design and development of novel drug delivery systems, as well as in the production of biofuels.

Limitations and Future Directions

Although CHM has several advantages as a detergent, it also has some limitations. One of the main limitations is its relatively low CMC, which can lead to aggregation at high concentrations. Another limitation is its narrow range of solubility, which can limit its effectiveness in certain experimental conditions. Future research in this area will focus on the development of novel formulations of CHM, as well as the identification of new detergents that are more effective in solubilizing membrane proteins.

Future Directions

1. Development of new formulations of CHM to improve its solubility and efficacy

2. Identification of new maltoside detergents with improved properties

3. Development of novel drug delivery systems using CHM

4. Investigation of the use of CHM in the production of biofuels

5. Analysis of the structural and functional properties of membrane proteins using CHM and other detergents

6. Exploration of the potential of CHM in the purification and characterization of membrane transporters

7. Development of protocols for the in vitro reconstitution of membrane proteins using CHM and other detergents

8. Examination of the role of CHM in the formation of lipid rafts and their role in cell signaling

9. Study of the interaction between CHM and membrane lipids and its effect on protein structure and function

10. Investigation of the use of CHM in the study of bacterial membranes and the applications in the development of new antimicrobial agents.