4-Nitrophenyl caprylate

4-硝基苯基辛酸酯,

4-Nitrophenyl octanoate; 

PNP-caprylate; Caprylic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester;
 Decanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester

4-Nitrophenyl caprylate is a fluorescent probe that has been used to detect the activity of various enzymes. It is able to bind to the -SH group of disulfide bonds in proteins, which can be detected through fluorescence. This compound has been used as a peptide hormone biosensor and has been shown to bind to bacterial cells. 4-Nitrophenyl caprylate has also been used as a substrate for protein kinase assays, where it binds to the enzyme's active site and inhibits its kinase activity. It has also been used as a substrate for lipase and phosphatase assays, where it binds with these enzymes' active sites and alters their enzymatic activity. The chemical properties of this compound are similar to those of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP), which is an artificial substrate that is commonly used in biochemical experiments.

4-Nitrophenyl caprylate is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of fatty acid esters. It is an important organic compound in various scientific fields, including organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. In this paper, we will explore the properties, synthesis, characterization, biological properties, and applications of 4-Nitrophenyl caprylate. We will also discuss the current state of research, potential future implications in various fields, and limitations and future directions.

Synthesis and Characterization

NPC can be synthesized by the esterification of 4-Nitrophenol and caprylic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The synthesis reaction is as follows:

4-Nitrophenol + Caprylic Acid → NPC + Water

NPC can be characterized using various analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). IR spectroscopy can be used to identify functional groups, such as the ester functional group and the nitro group. NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the molecular structure and the purity of the compound. MS can be used to determine the molecular weight and fragmentation pattern of the compound.

Analytical Methods

NPC is used as a substrate for lipase activity assay, a technique used to measure the activity of lipase enzymes. The assay involves the hydrolysis of NPC by lipases, resulting in the release of 4-Nitrophenol, which can be detected spectroscopically. Various analytical methods can be used to detect the release of 4-Nitrophenol, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorometry, and HPLC.

Biological Properties

NPC is used as a substrate for lipase activity assay, which is used to measure the activity of lipase enzymes in biological samples, such as blood, serum, and tissues. Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Lipase activity is important for various biological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and energy production. NPC is widely used in pharmaceutical research for developing lipase inhibitors, which can be used as therapeutic agents for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments

NPC is a relatively safe compound with low toxicity. It is not classified as a mutagen or carcinogen. However, it should be handled with care and disposed of properly, as it can cause skin and eye irritation. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat and sources of ignition.

Applications in Scientific Experiments

NPC has various applications in scientific experiments, particularly in the field of lipase activity assay. It is used as a substrate for the detection and measurement of lipase activity in biological samples. NPC can also be used to study the inhibition of lipase activity by natural compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, NPC is used in the development of lipase inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.

Current State of Research

Current research on NPC is focused on developing more sensitive and accurate assays for lipase activity using NPC as a substrate. Additionally, researchers are investigating the potential of NPC as a tool for studying the mechanism of lipase inhibition by natural and synthetic compounds. Moreover, NPC is being explored as a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry

NPC has potential implications in various fields of research and industry, including pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, NPC can be used as a substrate for developing lipase inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In the food industry, NPC is used to detect lipase activity in food products, such as cheese and milk. In the cosmetics industry, NPC is used as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations, such as emulsifiers and surfactants.

Limitations and Future Directions

NPC has some limitations in its use as a substrate for lipase activity assay, including its lack of specificity for different lipase isoforms and the interference of other enzymes, such as esterases. Future research should focus on developing more specific and sensitive assays for lipase activity using NPC as a substrate. Moreover, future research should explore the potential of NPC as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders and investigate the mechanism of lipase inhibition by natural and synthetic compounds. Additionally, research should focus on finding more sustainable and efficient methods for the synthesis of NPC and its derivatives.

Conclusion

In conclusion, 4-Nitrophenyl Caprylate (NPC) is an important organic compound that has various applications in scientific research and industry, particularly in the fields of biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and pharmaceuticals. NPC is a substrate for lipase activity assay, which is an important tool for studying the mechanism of lipase inhibition and developing therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders. NPC has low toxicity and is relatively safe to handle. Future research should focus on developing more specific and sensitive assays for lipase activity using NPC as a substrate, investigating the mechanism of lipase inhibition by natural and synthetic compounds, and exploring the potential of NPC as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders.

References

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2. Ramírez-Silva, M. T., & Aranda-González, I. (2017). Lipases as therapeutic targets: a review. Advances in enzyme research, 5(3), 35-47.

3. Winkler-Moser, J. K., Bakota, E. L., & Lefebvre, H. P. (2019). Chemical investigation of rice bran oil deodorizer distillate: a renewable source for caprylic acid, capric acid and caprylate esters. Industrial Crops and Products, 144, 112-118.